Overview
Key challenges include the completeness of biological realism (e.g. missing plasticity mechanisms), constraints of available experimental data (especially for macaque-specific parameters), the methods used for parameter tuning and the issue of parameter degeneracy, as well as practical limits on model scale and complexity. In the following sections, we identify specific areas where more research is needed to validate or challenge the model’s assumptions and methods. For each area, we propose concrete approaches or experiments to address the uncertainties. We then present two sets of “out-ofthe-box” ideas – one grounded in emerging but plausible neurobiological mechanisms, and another more speculative set that pushes the boundaries of current neuroscience paradigms.